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A 2020 study reviewed research on the effects of capsaicin on cancer. A majority of the investigations involved high concentrations of the compound in cell cultures. Most Capsicum species are 2n=2x=24. A few of the non-domesticated species are 2n=2x=32. [27] All are diploid. The Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense genomes were completed in 2014. The Capsicum annuum genome is approximately 3.48 Gb, making it larger than the human genome. Over 75% of the pepper genome is composed of transposable elements, mostly Gypsy elements, distributed widely throughout the genome. The distribution of transposable elements is inversely correlated with gene density. Pepper is predicted to have 34,903 genes, approximately the same number as both tomato and potato, two related species within the family Solanaceae. [28] Breeding [ edit ]
Results based on data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Study (NHANES) linked hot pepper intake to a reduced risk of early death. This may be due in part to their high antioxidant content ( 18).
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Stewart Jr, C.; Mazourek, M.; Stellari, G.M.; O'Connell, M.; Jahn, M. (2007). "Genetic control of pungency in C. chinense via the Pun1 locus". Journal of Experimental Botany. 58 (5): 979–91. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erl243. PMID 17339653. Basith S, Cui M, Hong S, Choi S. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of capsaicin and its analogues in pain and other diseases. Molecules. 2016;21(8):966. doi:10.3390/molecules21080966 Anaya-Esparza LM, Mora ZV, Vázquez-Paulino O, Ascencio F, Villarruel-López A. Bell peppers ( Capsicum annum L.) losses and wastes: Source for food and pharmaceutical applications. Molecules. 2021;26(17):5341. doi:10.3390/molecules26175341 Ideal growing conditions for peppers include a sunny position with warm, loamy soil, ideally 21 to 29°C (70 to 84°F), that is moist but not waterlogged. [11] Extremely moist soils can cause seedlings to "damp-off" and reduce germination. [ citation needed]
Friedman, J. R., et al. (2019). Capsaicinoids: Multiple effects on angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in human cancers. Common symptoms of digoxin overdosage include headache, facial pain, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, mental confusion, bad dreams and more rarely delirium, acute psychoses, and hallucinations. Convulsions have been reported. Visual disturbances including blurred vision may occur. Colour vision may be affected with objects appearing yellow or less frequently green, red, brown, blue or white. ascorbic acid (vitamin c) has pronounced reducing properties. It belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins. participates in redox reactions, regulates carbohydrate metabolism, affects the metabolism of aromatic amino acids, metabolism of thyroxin, the biosynthesis of catecholamines, steroid hormones and insulin, is necessary for blood coagulation, synthesis of collagen and procollagen, regeneration of connective and bone tissue. improves capillary permeability. promotes the absorption of iron in the intestine and is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin. increases nonspecific resistance of the body, has an antidote property. deficiency of vitamin C in food leads to the development of hypo- and vitamin deficiency c, since this vitamin is not synthesized in the body.
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Hamed, M., et al. (2019). Capsaicinoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of C apsicum annuum: Comparative study of the effect of ripening stage and cooking methods. Italian Frying peppers - Produce Express of Sacramento, California". produceexpress.net. Archived from the original on 15 July 2017 . Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Ingestion of large doses of the active ingredients has been reported to cause the following effects: Gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea would be expected to occur with the menthol and squill. Overall, the findings indicated that capsaicin is anti-angiogenic, which means it helps prevent the growth of blood vessels that cancer requires for growth.Standardized extracts, tinctures, and solid formulations of herbal/health supplements may provide a more reliable dose of the product. For children under two years of age, 5 drops are prescribed, from two to six years - 8 drops, over six years of age - 10 drops at a time.Side effects:
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