Protexin Veterinary Synbiotic D-C Daily probiotic and prebiotic capsules for dogs and cats (Pack of 1, 50 Capsules)

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Kasatpibal, N. et al. Effectiveness of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic therapies in reducing postoperative complications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 64 (Suppl. 2), S153–S160 (2017).

Favretto, D. C., Pontin, B. & Moreira, T. R. Effect of the consumption of a cheese enriched with probiotic organisms ( Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07) in improving symptoms of constipation. Arq. Gastroenterol. 50, 196–201 (2013). Rossi, M. et al. Synbiotics easing renal failure by improving gut microbiology (SYNERGY): a randomized trial. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11, 223–231 (2016). Eslamparast, T. et al. Effects of synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Br. J. Nutr. 112, 438–445 (2014). Holmes, E., Li, J. V., Marchesi, J. R. & Nicholson, J. K. Gut microbiota composition and activity in relation to host metabolic phenotype and disease risk. Cell Metab. 16, 559–564 (2012).

Reviews

Meance, S. et al. Recent advances in the use of functional foods: effects of the commercial fermented milk with Bifidobacterium animalis strain DN-173 010 and yoghurt strains on gut transit time in the elderly. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 15, 15–22 (2003). A synbiotic can be applied to intestinal or extra-intestinal microbial ecosystems and might be formulated into products fitting an array of regulatory categories (such as foods, non-foods, feeds, drugs or nutritional supplements).

Generating this evidence requires appropriately designed, adequately powered experimental trials conducted on the target host. These studies should follow standard human trial design and reporting guidelines 48 and consider best practices for diet–microbiota research 49. The study should also meet the criteria outlined in CONSORT 48 and should be registered, including a description of all outcomes, prior to recruitment. These CONSORT criteria include guiding principles for microorganisms, microbiota-related compliance and outcome measures, relevant subgroups, and statistical considerations for evaluating the microbiota as a mediator of clinical effects. The definition of synbiotic has been updated to “a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host”. Prebiotics and probiotics tested to date have a strong safety record 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, and synbiotics formulated with them might also be presumed safe for the same intended uses. However, novel formulations must be suitably assessed for safety. Unfortunately, historically, many probiotic and prebiotic intervention trials have not adequately reported the types and frequency of AEs or serious AEs, perhaps owing to expectations that, as food ingredients, these products were inherently safe or that AEs could be due to failure to comply with norms for reporting harms in RCTs. Nonetheless, clear guidance for reporting AEs and serious AEs is provided by CONSORT 75 and these standards should be followed. Describing such events as “unrelated to the study product”, without justification for this statement, is unacceptable. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Evidence-Based Review System for the Scientific Evaluation of Health Claims https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/guidance-industry-evidence-based-review-system-scientific-evaluation-health-claims (2009).Stiamo lavorando attivamente per trovare una soluzione. Nel frattempo vi invitiamo a visitare il nostro sito Globale Dethlefsen, L. & Relman, D. A. Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut microbiota to repeated antibiotic perturbation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 4554–4561 (2011). Pisano, A., D’Arrigo, G., Coppolino, G. & Bolignano, D. Biotic supplements for renal patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 10, 1224 (2018). Rossi, G., Pengo, G., Caldin, M., Palumbo Piccionello, A., Steiner, J.M., Cohen, N.D., Jergens, A.E., Suchodolski, J.S., 2014. Comparison of Microbiological, Histological, and Immunomodulatory Parameters in Response to Treatment with Either Combination Therapy with Prednisone and Metronidazole or Probiotic VSL#3 Strains in Dogs with Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS ONE.. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094699

Dehghani, H., Heidari, F., Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Nouri-Majelan, N. & Dehghani, A. Synbiotic supplementations for azotemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Iran. J. Kidney Dis. 10, 351–357 (2016). As with probiotics, the desired outcome after giving prebiotics is improvement of host health. 21 However, the specific aim of giving prebiotics is to promote growth and function of the beneficial bacteria already present in the gut. Intake of prebiotics can significantly modulate the colonic microbiota by increasing the number of specific bacteria and thus changing the composition of the microbiota. 23 Prebiotics are metabolized by the resident microbiota of the colon, which, depending on fermentability, will result in the production of the short-chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate, and acetate. 23 These metabolites will diffuse through gut enterocytes and provide either local effects (e.g., enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulate intestinal motility) or systemic effects (e.g., provide energy for the host). 24,25 Apart from direct prebiotic effects, dietary fibers can have additional functions in the GI tract. Psyllium, for example, has water-binding and bile acid–binding properties that improve fecal consistency, increase the intestinal mucus layer, and have beneficial effects on cell proliferation in the intestinal tract. 26 SynbioticsDesign of a placebo or control is driven by the comparisons of interest. Often, a fully inert control is preferred. For formulations within pills or sachets, a low dose of highly digestible ingredients (such as maltodextrin or corn starch) or slowly fermentable fibre (such as microcrystalline cellulose) are acceptable placebos, which enables double blinding. For interventions composed of a food or beverage, the control group must be carefully considered, including differences in flavour, texture and nutrient content. These factors will also determine whether the study can be considered as a single-blinded or double-blinded design. Outcome In a blinded four-arm study, 41 healthy volunteers received either Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07 (10 9 CFU per day), 8 g per day xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), the combination of both or an inert maltodextrin control for 21 days 128. XOS enhanced bifidobacteria counts in faeces in both the synbiotic and prebiotic groups compared with the control and improved plasma lipid profiles and modulated markers of immune function in healthy adults. The lowest reported use of analgesics was observed during combination supplementation along with a reduced expression of CD19 on B cells (as markers of immune function). Thus, the combination exerted certain benefits that were not afforded by the probiotic or prebiotic alone. This study shows a prebiotic status for XOS used at 8 g per day. Previous evidence supports that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07 at 10 9 CFU per day met criteria for a probiotic 112, 129. Taken together, this tested product meets our definition of a complementary synbiotic. However, because an increase of Bifidobacterium was not observed in individuals fed the combination product, it does not meet our definition of a synergistic synbiotic.